postgresql中的like搜索优化方法
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当时数量量比较庞大的时候，做模糊查询效率很慢，为了优化查询效率，尝试如下方法做效率对比。
一、对比情况说明：
1、数据量100w条数据
2、执行sql
二、对比结果
explain analyze SELECT c_patent, c_applyissno, d_applyissdate, d_applydate, c_patenttype_dimn, c_newlawstatus, c_abstract FROM public.t_knowl_patent_zlxx_temp WHERE c_applicant LIKE '%本溪满族自治县连山关镇安平安养殖场%';
1、未建索时执行计划：
"Gather (cost=1000.00..83803.53 rows=92 width=1278) (actual time=217.264..217.264 rows=0 loops=1) Workers Planned: 2 Workers Launched: 2 -> Parallel Seq Scan on t_knowl_patent_zlxx (cost=0.00..82794.33 rows=38 width=1278) (actual time=212.355..212.355 rows=0 loops=3) Filter: ((c_applicant)::text ~~ '%本溪满族自治县连山关镇安平安养殖场%'::text) Rows Removed by Filter: 333333 Planning time: 0.272 ms Execution time: 228.116 ms"
2、btree索引
建索引语句
1CREATE INDEX idx_public_t_knowl_patent_zlxx_applicant ON public.t_knowl_patent_zlxx(c_applicant varchar_pattern_ops);
执行计划
"Gather (cost=1000.00..83803.53 rows=92 width=1278) (actual time=208.253..208.253 rows=0 loops=1) Workers Planned: 2 Workers Launched: 2 -> Parallel Seq Scan on t_knowl_patent_zlxx (cost=0.00..82794.33 rows=38 width=1278) (actual time=203.573..203.573 rows=0 loops=3) Filter: ((c_applicant)::text ~~ '%本溪满族自治县连山关镇安平安养殖场%'::text) Rows Removed by Filter: 333333 Planning time: 0.116 ms Execution time: 218.189 ms"
但是如果将查询sql稍微改动一下，把like查询中的前置%去掉是这样的
Index Scan using idx_public_t_knowl_patent_zlxx_applicant on t_knowl_patent_zlxx_temp (cost=0.55..8.57 rows=92 width=1278) (actual time=0.292..0.292 rows=0 loops=1) Index Cond: (((c_applicant)::text ~>=~ '本溪满族自治县连山关镇安平安养殖场'::text) AND ((c_applicant)::text ~<~ '本溪满族自治县连山关镇安平安养殖圻'::text)) Filter: ((c_applicant)::text ~~ '本溪满族自治县连山关镇安平安养殖场%'::text) Planning time: 0.710 ms Execution time: 0.378 ms
3、gin索引
创建索引语句(postgresql要求在9.6版本及以上)
create extension pg_trgm;CREATE INDEX idx_public_t_knowl_patent_zlxx_applicant ON public.t_knowl_patent_zlxx USING gin (c_applicant gin_trgm_ops);
执行计划
Bitmap Heap Scan on t_knowl_patent_zlxx (cost=244.71..600.42 rows=91 width=1268) (actual time=0.649..0.649 rows=0 loops=1) Recheck Cond: ((c_applicant)::text ~~ '%本溪满族自治县连山关镇安平安养殖场%'::text) -> Bitmap Index Scan on idx_public_t_knowl_patent_zlxx_applicant (cost=0.00..244.69 rows=91 width=0) (actual time=0.647..0.647 rows=0 loops=1) Index Cond: ((c_applicant)::text ~~ '%本溪满族自治县连山关镇安平安养殖场%'::text) Planning time: 0.673 ms Execution time: 0.740 ms
三、结论
btree索引可以让后置% "abc%"的模糊匹配走索引，gin + gp_trgm可以让前后置% "%abc%" 走索引。但是gin 索引也有弊端，以下情况可能导致无法命中：
搜索字段少于3个字符时，不会命中索引，这是gin自身机制导致。
当搜索字段过长时，比如email检索，可能也不会命中索引，造成原因暂时未知。
补充：PostgreSQL LIKE 查询效率提升实验
一、未做索引的查询效率
作为对比，先对未索引的查询做测试
EXPLAIN ANALYZE select * from gallery_map where author = '曹志耘'; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on gallery_map (cost=0.00..7002.32 rows=1025 width=621) (actual time=0.011..39.753 rows=1031 loops=1) Filter: ((author)::text = '曹志耘'::text) Rows Removed by Filter: 71315 Planning time: 0.194 ms Execution time: 39.879 ms (5 rows)
Time: 40.599 ms EXPLAIN ANALYZE select * from gallery_map where author like '曹志耘'; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on gallery_map (cost=0.00..7002.32 rows=1025 width=621) (actual time=0.017..41.513 rows=1031 loops=1) Filter: ((author)::text ~~ '曹志耘'::text) Rows Removed by Filter: 71315 Planning time: 0.188 ms Execution time: 41.669 ms (5 rows)
Time: 42.457 ms
EXPLAIN ANALYZE select * from gallery_map where author like '曹志耘%'; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on gallery_map (cost=0.00..7002.32 rows=1028 width=621) (actual time=0.017..41.492 rows=1031 loops=1) Filter: ((author)::text ~~ '曹志耘%'::text) Rows Removed by Filter: 71315 Planning time: 0.307 ms Execution time: 41.633 ms (5 rows)
Time: 42.676 ms
很显然都会做全表扫描
二、创建btree索引
PostgreSQL默认索引是btree
CREATE INDEX ix_gallery_map_author ON gallery_map (author);
EXPLAIN ANALYZE select * from gallery_map where author = '曹志耘'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bitmap Heap Scan on gallery_map (cost=36.36..2715.37 rows=1025 width=621) (actual time=0.457..1.312 rows=1031 loops=1) Recheck Cond: ((author)::text = '曹志耘'::text) Heap Blocks: exact=438 -> Bitmap Index Scan on ix_gallery_map_author (cost=0.00..36.10 rows=1025 width=0) (actual time=0.358..0.358 rows=1031 loops=1) Index Cond: ((author)::text = '曹志耘'::text) Planning time: 0.416 ms Execution time: 1.422 ms (7 rows)
Time: 2.462 ms
EXPLAIN ANALYZE select * from gallery_map where author like '曹志耘'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bitmap Heap Scan on gallery_map (cost=36.36..2715.37 rows=1025 width=621) (actual time=0.752..2.119 rows=1031 loops=1) Filter: ((author)::text ~~ '曹志耘'::text) Heap Blocks: exact=438 -> Bitmap Index Scan on ix_gallery_map_author (cost=0.00..36.10 rows=1025 width=0) (actual time=0.560..0.560 rows=1031 loops=1) Index Cond: ((author)::text = '曹志耘'::text) Planning time: 0.270 ms Execution time: 2.295 ms (7 rows)
Time: 3.444 ms EXPLAIN ANALYZE select * from gallery_map where author like '曹志耘%'; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on gallery_map (cost=0.00..7002.32 rows=1028 width=621) (actual time=0.015..41.389 rows=1031 loops=1) Filter: ((author)::text ~~ '曹志耘%'::text) Rows Removed by Filter: 71315 Planning time: 0.260 ms Execution time: 41.518 ms (5 rows)
Time: 42.430 ms EXPLAIN ANALYZE select * from gallery_map where author like '%研究室'; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on gallery_map (cost=0.00..7002.32 rows=2282 width=621) (actual time=0.064..52.824 rows=2152 loops=1) Filter: ((author)::text ~~ '%研究室'::text) Rows Removed by Filter: 70194 Planning time: 0.254 ms Execution time: 53.064 ms (5 rows)
Time: 53.954 ms
可以看到，等于、like的全匹配是用到索引的，like的模糊查询还是全表扫描 （编辑：焦作站长网） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |
