PHP编码规范-php coding standard

Get all relevant people in a room. Lock them in. Go over the class design and requirements until the former is good and the latter is being met. Having all the relevant people in the room makes this process a deep fruitful one as questions can be immediately answered and issues immediately explored. Usually only a couple of such meetings are necessary.

If the above process is done well coding will take care of itself. If you find problems in the code review the best you can usually do is a rewrite after someone has sunk a ton of time and effort into making the code "work."

You will still want to do a code review, just do it offline. Have a couple people you trust read the code in question and simply make comments to the programmer. Then the programmer and reviewers can discuss issues and work them out. Email and quick pointed discussions work well. This approach meets the goals and doesn't take the time of 6 people to do it.

Create a Source Code Control System Early and Not Often A common build system and source code control system should be put in place as early as possible in a project's lifecycle, preferably before anyone starts coding. Source code control is the structural glue binding a project together. If programmers can't easily use each other's products then you'll never be able to make a good reproducible build and people will piss away a lot of time. It's also hell converting rogue build environments to a standard system. But it seems the right of passage for every project to build their own custom environment that never quite works right.

Some issues to keep in mind: Shared source environments like CVS usually work best in largish projects. If you use CVS use a reference tree approach. With this approach a master build tree is kept of various builds. Programmers checkout source against the build they are working on. They only checkout what they need because the make system uses the build for anything not found locally. Using the -I and -L flags makes this system easy to setup. Search locally for any files and libraries then search in the reference build. This approach saves on disk space and build time. Get a lot of disk space. With disk space as cheap it is there is no reason not to keep plenty of builds around. Make simple things simple. It should be dead simple and well documented on how to: check out modules to build how to change files how to add new modules into the system how to delete modules and files how to check in changes what are the available libraries and include files how to get the build environment including all compilers and other tools

Make a web page or document or whatever. New programmers shouldn't have to go around begging for build secrets from the old timers.

Create a Bug Tracking System Early and Not Often The earlier people get used to using a bug tracking system the better. If you are 3/4 through a project and then install a bug tracking system it won't be used. You need to install a bug tracking system early so people will use it.

Programmers generally resist bug tracking, yet when used correctly it can really help a project: Problems aren't dropped on the floor. Problems are automatically routed to responsible individuals. The lifecycle of a problem is tracked so people can argue back and forth with good information. Managers can make the big schedule and staffing decisions based on the number of and types of bugs in the system. Configuration management has a hope of matching patches back to the problems they fix. QA and technical support have a communication medium with developers. Not sexy things, just good solid project improvements.

FYI, it's not a good idea to reward people by the number of bugs they fix :-)

Source code control should be linked to the bug tracking system. During the part of a project where source is frozen before a release only checkins accompanied by a valid bug ID should be accepted. And when code is changed to fix a bug the bug ID should be included in the checkin comments.

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